The newsboy strike of 1899 pitted poor newsies as young as seven against millionaire newspaper moguls William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer in a battle over fair wages.
Wikimedia CommonsYoung newsboys like this one made up the ranks of the newsboy strike of 1899 .
Just before the turn of the 20th century , a brawny bang paralyzed newsprint distribution in New York City . But the strikers were not professional , nor were most of them adult . The newsboy work stoppage of 1899 was led by boys — newsies , who went head - to - brain with newspaper publisher moguls William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer .
raging at what Hearst and Pulitzer charged them for a paper sheaf , the boys , some as young as seven , refused to sell their publishers ’ theme . rather , they marched , held rallies , and punished any “ scabs ” who dared to disobey . “ Just stick together , ” declared Kid Blink , one of the smash leaders , “ and we ’ll win . ”
Wikimedia CommonsYoung newsboys like this one made up the ranks of the newsboy strike of 1899.
The newsboy strike of 1899 began in mid - July , and by August , the ragtag radical of poor and roofless newsies had brought Hearst and Pulitzer to their knees . After ab initio send packing the strike as trivial , the moguls agreed to come to the bargaining table .
Why The Newsboys Wanted To Strike
Newsboys ( and sometimes girls ) had long made up the fabric of booming metropolises like New York City . Darting between carts and hanging out on corner , they hawked the daytime ’s theme for a cent . By the time of the newsboy ten-strike of 1899,the figure of carrier had set off , thanks to the late introduction of eventide editions , which people grabbed for their commute home .
Wikimedia CommonsNewsboys could often sell three times as many evening papers than aurora papers .
For a long meter , the newsboys had work in proportional peace with newspaper publisher like William Randolph Hearst , who publishedThe New York Evening Journaland Joseph Pulitzer , who publishedThe even World .
Wikimedia CommonsNewsboys could often sell three times as many evening papers than morning papers.
They had a system . The newsboy wouldbuy a stack of 100 newspapersfrom the publishing firm for 50 cent , then sell them for one cent .
And although there had been brief newsies smasher before , they paled in equivalence to what was about to happen .
Everything started to shift when the Spanish - American War broke out in 1898 . Then , publishers started charging newsies 60 cent alternatively of 50 for their bundles . Although they did n’t know it at the sentence , this would form the basis of the newsboy strike of 1899 just a year later .
Library of CongressAn attention-grabbing headline from theNew York Evening Journal, 1898.
Newsies did n’t heed — not at first . The public had a massive appetence for war stories . And the papers — sate with grabby , exciting newspaper headline — sold like never before .
Library of CongressAn attention - grabbing headline from theNew York Evening Journal , 1898 .
When the war ended , most publishers bring down their cost back to 50 centime . But Hearst and Pulitzer preserve charging the newsboys 60 cents for 100 newspaper . The mogulswere competing with each otherusing gaudy front page and extra edition , and they wanted to save money where they could .
Library of CongressA young newsboy uses his papers as a pillow. New Jersey, circa 1912.
Before long , the newsboys started to feel the difference . Their frustration came to a head on July 18 , when newsboys in Long Island City found out that aJournaldelivery man had been sell them bundles with few than 100 newspaper publisher .
The furious newsboys tipped over his wagon and steal his papers . Energized and promote , the carrier resolve to tackle a much prominent iniquity : the price of their bundles .
On July 19 , the carrier foregather in Manhattan ’s City Hall Park to form a mating . They demanded that Hearst and Pulitzer cut the price of newspaper bundles back to 50 cents . And the carrier declare that they would not buy theWorldor theJournaluntil the top executive complied .
Library of CongressYoung newsboys like these paralyzed New York City with rallies, marches, and impassioned speeches.
The newsboy hit of 1899 had begun .
The Fight Between Newsies And Moguls
At first , the newspaper moguls shrug off the newsboys ’ demand . Don Seitz , The New York World’smanaging editor , sent a breezy memoranda to Pulitzer about the rap on July 21 .
Library of CongressA new newsboy uses his document as a pillow . New Jersey , circa 1912 .
“ Had some problem to - day through the hit on the part of the newsboy , ” Seitz wrote . But he assured his genus Bos that the strike would be “ sporadic ” and that the situation was “ well in hand . ”
Library of CongressNewsies in Newark, New Jersey, 1909.
The newsboys , however , had no intention of backing down . On July 22 , 100 newsies descended on ‘ Newspaper Row ’ — where the paper were distributed — and threatenedThe New York WorldandThe New York Journalwith clubs .
At first , the police were capable to scatter the young striker . But the newsboy strike of 1899 continued , and the newsies reconvene in even greater numbers around Columbus Circle . Five hundred of them shouted , threw yield , and stole newspapers out of the Charles’s Wain .
That sidereal day , Seitz send out a second memoranda . This one had a greenback of alarm system mouse into his voice . “ The newsboys strike has grown into a menacing affair … It is proving a serious trouble , ” Seitz compose . “ Practically all the boy in New York and adjacent towns have quit selling . ”
And by July 24 , Seitz was in a affright . “ The adman have abandon the papers and the sales agreement has been skip down in full 2/5 , ” he say Pulitzer . “ It is really a very sinful manifestation . ”
Over the next two weeks , the newsboys made themselves hear . They marched across the Brooklyn Bridge and flood the streets of downtown Manhattan . Newsies pull up copy of theJournaland theWorldand tossed body of water on newsstand proprietor who did n’t support them .
Library of CongressYoung newsboys like these paralyzed New York City with rallies , marches , and impassioned speeches .
As theWorld’scirculationplummeted from 360,000 to 125,000 , the newsies held a rally on July 25 . Five thousand young newsies take heed as their 18 - year - old hit leader , Louis “ Kid Blink ” Baletti , ill-treat up to address the crowd .
Blink — so called because he wear off an eyepatch — summon the newsieswith an impassioned address .
“ Ten cents in the dollar is as much to us as it is to Mr. Hearst the millionaire , ” Blink declare . “ Am I ripe ? We can do more with ten cents than he can do with twenty - five . Is it boy ?
“ If they ca n’t spare it , how can we ? I ’m trying to figure how 10 cents on 100 papers can think of more to a millionaire than it does to newsboy , an ’ I ca n’t see it ! ”
Before long , the newsboys were win — at least on the public carnal knowledge front .
“ The people seem to be against us , ” Seitz told Pulitzer on July 24 . “ They are encourage the boy and tipping them … [and ] they are refraining from purchase the paper for fear of having them snap from their hand . ”
And within a simple two weeks , the newsboy strike of 1899 had done so much damage to Hearst and Pulitzer ’s papers profits that the moguls agree to lecture .
The Legacy Of The Newsboy Strike Of 1899
On Aug. 2 , 1899 , the newsboys struck a plenty with Hearst and Pulitzer . They would continue to buy bundles for 60 cent — however , both theWorldand theJournalwould take back any unsold papers at a full refund . The boy agreed . They belong right back to sell paper .
Library of CongressNewsies in Newark , New Jersey , 1909 .
But although the tap lasted only two weeks , it left an outsized legacy on American animation and culture . The newsboy rap of 1899 encouraged standardized strikes in Hartford , Connecticut ( 1909 ) , Butte , Montana ( 1914 ) , and Louisville , Kentucky ( in the 1920s ) .
Plus , the appeal of ragtag vernal newsboys fighting against millionaire like Hearst and Pulitzer has endured . In 1992 , Disney unblock a popular plastic film base on the strike calledNewsies . sport a new Christian Bale — and a part named for Kid Blink , patch and all — it dramatized the newsies strike against Pulitzer and Hearst .
The Disney film proved so popular that it was later adapted for Broadway . But the Disney version of the Newsboys Strike of 1899 does leave out some key details .
Namely , young newsies preserve to struggle in impoverishment even after winning concessions from Hearst and Pulitzer . It took another twenty twelvemonth for the United States to act out kid labor laws . Until then , newsboys continued on much as they always had .
But for one , brief , resplendent moment , the newsboy of New York City grabbed the world ’s attention . They went pass - to - fountainhead with some of the world ’s rich and most sinewy men . And , against all betting odds , this ragtag crowd roar to victory .
After reading about the newsboy strike of 1899 , wait through these shockingphotos of shaver labor in New Yorkat the turn of the century . Or , take care through thesefacts about life in New York ’s tenement house .
